Описание

ВАРИАНТ 2 
CHARLES DARWIN. 
(1809-1882) 
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
1.The most famous naturalist and thinker Charles Darwin was born on February 12. 1809. 2.The family lived near Shrewbury not far from the river Severn.
3. Charles’ father was a well-known physician, a fellow of the Royal Socie-ty. Charles’ father hoped that his son would become a doctor.4. As a boy, Charles liked to go hunting, or to go out shooting. 5. He walked in the fields and woods observing nature and comparing his observation with everything he had read in natural science books.
6.At sixteen Charles was sent to Edinburgh University to become a doctor. He was interested in natural history.7. During the hours of low-tide Charles col-lected various sea animals on the shore and then studied them.8. Being a student he made two discoveries concerning animals of the sea.9. But he had no interest necessary for medicine and classical languages. 10. The further he studied, the more he realized that he was not interested in medicine. 11. So he was sent to Cambridge to work for his degree. 12.What did he liked most of all at Cambridge was entomology (the study of insects) and botany.
13.In spring of 1831 Charles took his degree but he refused to become a parson. 14.Two of his professors encouraged him to make a special study of geology. 15.Charles decided to follow his professors’ advice and went with geological expedition. 16.He visited New Zealand , Australia, Coral Islands. 17.Charles collected all kinds of specimen, saw many new plants and animals. 18.But like most people in those days he thought that each species had been created thousands of years before and had never changed. 19.Darwin gradually became convinced that plants and living organisms really changed and so did their surroundings. 20.This was caused by struggle for existence; as a result of adaptability new organs develop and one kind of species changes into another.
21.In 1859 Darwin finished his book “the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”.22.As a result Darwin was attacked by bishops, politicians, even some scientists. 23.Later more and more scientists agreed with Darwin and began to support him.24. Darwin’s theories have always been attacked by churchmen and supported by progressive scientists.
25.Many outstanding scientists all over the world have applied Darwin’s teaching successfully, but the greatest contribution in spreading and developing Darwinism was made by such Russian scientists as Timiryazev, Mechnikov, Se-chenov, Pavlov, Michurin.

Выполните следующие задания письменно.

II. Расставьте пункты плана согласно логике текста:
1. The studying at the Edinburgh University as a doctor and Charles’first discoveries concerning animals of the sea
2. Geologocal expedition to New Zealand , Australia, Coral Islands
3. The publishing of his work “the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”
4. Childhood and family
5. Worldwide spreading and developing of Darwinism.

выход работы the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”
III. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:
1.What was Charles Darwin’s father ?
2.What was Charles Darwin interested in ?
3.Where and what did Charles Darwin study ?
4.What did Charles Darwin visit ?
5.What did Charles Darwin understand in the course of observations ?
6.What was the public and scientific reaction to on Charles Darwin’s ideas ?
7.Who made much for development of Darwinism ?
8. Why was Darvin sent to Cambridge to work for his degree?
9. What happened in spring of 1831?
10. What a book did Darwin finish in 1859?

IV. Выпишите из данных предложений предложение, где слово, оформ-ленное окончанием “s” служит:
а) показателем 3-го лица ед. числа глагола в Present Simple Active. Предложение переведите. (Образец выполнения № 1 )
1. It is difficult to remember all those formulas.
2. Pharmacist prepares and gives out medicines and informs people how to use them.
3. The changes of temperature have influenced the properties of substance.
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного. Предло-жение переведите .
1. Some substances are solids, some liquids, and some gases.
2. A Patient gets some information about medicine in the pharmacy.
3. You can buy this drug only with doctor`s prescription.
в) Выпишите из текста предложение (предложения), где слово, оформ-ленное окончанием “s” служит показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Предложение переведите.

V. а) Выпишите предложение с прилагательным в превосходной степе-ни. Предложение переведите на русский язык. Напишите прилагатель-ное в положительной и сравнительной степени с переводом.

б) Выпишите из текста предложение, содержащее сравнительную кон-струкцию «the… the …». Предложение переведите на русский язык. (Образец выполнения № 2)

в) Напишите перевод следующих прилагательных, выделите суффиксы, с помощью которых они образованы.
successful, courageous, attractive, windy, economical, colourless

VI. Напишите в три колонки номера прилагательных:
а)в положительной степени; в) в сравнительной степени; с)в превосход-ной степени.
1. unusual 2. softer 3. short 4. bad. 5. the most ambitious 6. careful 7. the most 8. narrower 9. dark-blue 10. more effective 11. the best 12. the least.

VII. а) Перепишите существительные, выделите суффиксы, при помощи которых они образованы. Существительные переведите на русский язык.
Musician, student, movement, isolation, independence, childhood, freedom

б) Определите какой частью речи являются ниже перечисленные слова: a) существительное, b)прилагательное, c)глагол
Например: а)0,… b)…..; c)….;
0. classmate
1. sadness;2. political; 3.operate; 4.freedom ; 5. helpless; 6. isolation; 7.organise; 8.pharmacist; 9.active ;10. motherhood; 11. lengthen;12.kindness; 13. ability;14. responsible; 15.faculty; 16.satisfy; 17. identify

VIII. Выпишите из предложений местоимения и определите их вид: a. – личное; b- притяжательное; c- отрицательное; d – указательное; e- вопросительное. Предложения переведите на русский язык. (Образец для выполнения №3)

1. We have lectures every day.
2. Mary sees nobody in the laboratory
3. The teacher tells her students to remember and observe the rules in handling the glass things.
4. That buildings should be reconstructed.
5. Where is the theoretical building of the pharmaceutical academy situated?

IX. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обра-щая внимание на слова – заместители.
1. His handwriting resembles that of his father.
2. The fruits in our store are more expensive than those in the market.
3. That scientist carried out the chemical experiment more successful than I did.
4. I’d like to buy a house. A big one with a garden.
5. The profession of pharmacist demands as much knowledge as the profes-sion of doctor does.

X. Выпишите из текста 1 предложение со сказуемым в Past Simple Active и 1 предложение в Past Simple Passive. Подчеркните глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог; напишите форму инфинитива. Предложения переведите. (Образец выполнения №4)

XI. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое в Future Simple Active/Passive. Предло-жения перепишите и переведите на русский язык.
1. Many students ( to graduate ) from the Academy in five years.
2. This drug (to contraindicate) in the case of allergy to its components.

XII. Найдите в каждом предложении причастия и определите его вид (Participle I или Participle II): a- Participle I; b — Participle II. Предложе-ния перепишите и переведите на русский язык. (Образец для выполнения №5)
Electrons forming an atom are in continuous motion.
1. At that moment she was cooling a mixture.
2. Water can be decomposed into two elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
3. The work finished yesterday will be discussed at the students` scientific confer-ence.
4. When writing SMS we should use as few words as possible.

XIII. Подчеркните в каждом предложении Причастие II и определите его функцию: а) обстоятельство; b) часть сказуемого; с)определение . Предложения переведите на русский язык. (Образец выполнения№ 6)
1. When cooled water becomes ice.
2.Qualified pharmacists are trained at the pharmaceutical academies and pharma-ceutical departments.
3.Lectures followed by seminars are of great importance for students.

XIV. Выберите правильный вариант ответа, обращая внимание на особенности перевода оборота «there+be»
1.There …. two pairs of classes tomorrow.
a. will be b.is c. are d. were
2.There ….. a lecture and two seminars yesterday.
a. were b. was c. is d. are
XV. Из перечисленных слов составьте вопросительные предложения. Предложения напишите и переведите на русский язык.
When1/ they2 / in3 / pharmacy4/ the5/ will6/ work7 ?

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