Описание

Задание

Выполните письменную контрольную работу по следующим вопросам:

При выполнении работы рекомендуется оставлять широкие поля для методических указаний и замечаний преподавателя-рецензента. Материалы контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради следующем образом:

Проработайте по рекомендованным учебным пособиям следующие разделы грамматики:

• простые неличные формы глагола: инфинитив в функции подлежащего, именной части сказуемого, прямого дополнения, определения и обстоятельства цели; причастие I, причастие II; герундий;
• сложные формы инфинитива и причастий;
• объектный, субъектный и независимый инфинитивные обороты, зависимый и независимый причастные обороты;
• бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях;
• условные предложения трех типов.

Рекомендуемая литература

Основные пособия:

• Учебник английского языка для сельскохозяйственных и лесотехнических вузов / Под ред. И.З. Новоселовой — М.: Высшая школа, 1994.
• Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка (с упражнениями): Учебник английского языка. — М.: Астрель, 1999.

Дополнительные пособия:

• Мюллер В.К. Англо-русский словарь. — Изд. 23-е. — М.: Русский язык, 1992.
• Новый Большой англо-русский словарь: в 3-х т. / Апресян Ю.Д., Медников Э.М., Петрова А.В. и др. — М.: Рус. яз., 1997.
• Большой англо-русский политехнический словарь / С.М. Баринов, Ф.Б. Борковский, В.А. Владимиров и др. — В 2 т. — М.: Изд-во “Руссо”, 1997.
• Русско-английский политехнический словарь / Под ред. Б.В. Кузнецова — М.: Изд-во “Руссо”, 1997.
• Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике — М.: Изд-во «Руссо», 1995.
• Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English / Ed. by A.S. Hornby. Oxford Press, 1995.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните инфинитив — одной чертой, причастие — двумя чертами, герундий — волнистой линией. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1)A fuse is a device to prevent an excessive current from passing through the circuit.

2)The excessive current increases the temperature of the wire sufficiently enough to melt it and in this way to break the circuit open.

3)Since atomic energy is developed in a reactor in the form of heat, both heat and power result from fission of the atoms.

4)An electric arc is a discharge accompanied by a temperature of over 3,000 °C, produced when the electric current flows through a gap between two electrodes, the current being carried by the vapor of the electrode.

5)When the electric current flows through a conductor, the quality of heat produced is being proportional to the resistance of the conductor.

6)Having made a lot of experiments, he found out that this substance possessed the property of attracting small particles.

2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода бессоюзных подчинений.

1)The color component, the brightness component and the horizontal and vertical beam-synchronized components are classified in accordance with their frequency and amplitude selective circuits the signal goes through.

2)The computers people started using only recently created entirely new technical possibilities in automatic control of industrial processes.

3)The principles computer programs are based on are subdivision of the computation process into simple arithmetical operations and determination of the logical operations to be performed.

4)A triode tube consists of an anode, a cathode and a grid the flow of electrons to the anode is controlled by.

5)Edison discovered the heated filament of an incandescent lamp gives off electrons, which pass to another electrode in the bulb and, thus, create the current.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая различая в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1)Edison patented over a thousand inventions, most of them being in various fields of electrical engineering.

2)Highly appreciating Lodygin’s inventions, Edison went further and worked out a more efficient incandescent filament lamp that was durable, cheaper and suitable for the large-scale production.

3)Being electric waves of very high frequency, radio waves travel through space at the speed of light and differ from other wave-forms only in number of cycles per second.

4)The sound pressing on the diaphragm, the granules of carbon either make more contacts and decrease the resistance of the granules, or make fewer contacts and increase the resistance.

5)Color video information in the signal being transmitted doesn’t change the operational characteristics of different types of TV receivers.

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с придаточными предложениями условия.

1)If the color television receiver had to process a transmission signal containing single information component, it would consume as much power as a black-and-white television receiver.

2)If you press the key at the transmitting end of the telegraph, the circuit will be closed, and the current will flow through the conducting wire to the receiver.

3)If the radio-wave carrier frequencies in color television transmission were different from black-and-white transmission, the color television signals couldn’t be transmitted over the same distances as monochrome pictures.

4)If people didn’t learn the properties of electromagnetic waves, a lot of modern conveniences such as radio, television, mobile phones, GPS and Internet would be impossible and inaccessible.

5)If Thomas Edison hadn’t been working on a machine transcribing telegraphic messages through indentations on metal cylinder with tin foil wrapped around it, he would have never invented phonography.

5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод объектного и субъектного инфинитивных оборотов.

1)When Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University cooled Mercury to the temperature of liquid Helium, 4 degrees Kelvin (-452°F, -269°C) he observed its resistance to disappear.

2)Everybody knows many atomic power plants to be built for producing electric energy in many countries of the world because of their high efficiency and low expenses.

3)The scientists think the efficiency of atomic power plants to be up to 34 per cent, but our fast growing industries requires much more energy, and this stimulates researches in the area of alternative power sources.

4)The fuel consumption of atomic power plants is found to be of amount to 500 kg for 24 hours, what is not much compared to any other types of power plants used nowadays all over the world.

5)The interconnected operation of a series of power plants in a common power distribution system is declared to achieve highly efficient economical utilization of the power plant installations and power sources.

6. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.

1)The use of only alternative power source wouldn’t satisfy nowadays the demands of our galloping industrial and domestic consumers, that is why we can’t refuse traditional sources.

2)The participants of the press-conference asked the journalists if they would like to see the new operational system in action.

3)The safety rules should be always observed when working with electrical appliances in order to avoid electrical shocks and fires caused by short circuits.

4)The American scientists working over the controlled chain reaction didn’t believe that it would be used for military purposes, and they wrote a letter to President Truman, asking him to give Japan chance to surrender before using the atomic bomb.

5)Without the discovery of controlled chain reaction, we would have neither nuclear weapon and constant threat of the atomic world war, nor enough power for industries.

7. Переведите текст на русский язык.

BRIEF HISTORY OF LASERS

The principle of the laser was first discovered in 1917, when Albert Einstein, a world-famous physicist, published the detailed description of his theory of stimulated emission. However, it was not until the late 1940s that engineers began to utilize this principle for practical purposes. At the onset of the 1950’s, several different engineering groups were working towards the harnessing of energy using the principal of stimulated emission.

At the University of Columbia there was Charles Townes, at the University of Maryland  — Joseph Weber, and at the Lebedev Laboratories in Moscow there were Alexander Prokhorov and Nikolai Basov.

At thas stage, the researchers were working towards the creation of what was termed a MASER (Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation), a device that amplified microwaves as opposed to light, and soon found use in microwave communication systems. Townes decided to work with Ammonia, which was a very strong absorber and interacted strongly with wavelengths. In 1953, he, Gordon, and Zeiger demonstrated a working device model.

Townes and other engineers believed it to be possible to create an optical MASER, a device for creating powerful beams of light using higher frequency energy and to stimulate what was to become termed ‘the lasing medium’. The idea was to arrange a set of mirrors, one at each end of the cavity, to bounce the light back and forth, which would eliminate amplifying any beams bouncing in other directions. Despite the pioneering works of Townes and Prokhorov, it was left to Theodore Maiman to invent in 1960 the first LASER using a lasing medium of ruby that was stimulated using high energy flashes of intense light.

Both Townes and Prokhorov were later awarded the Nobel Scientific Prize in Physics for their endeavors in 1964.

The LASER was a remarkable technical breakthrough, but in its early years it was something of ‘a technology without a purpose’. Almost immediately, though, some began to find uses for it. Maiman and his colleagues developed some of the first Laser-weapons and sighting systems, and other engineers developed powerful LASERs for use in surgery and other areas where a moderately powerful, pinpoint source of heat was needed. Today, for example, LASERs are used in corrective eye surgery, providing a precise source of heat for cutting and cauterizing tissue.

Ответ:

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните инфинитив — одной чертой, причастие — двумя чертами, герундий — волнистой линией. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1)A fuse is a device to prevent an excessive current from passing (прич) through the circuit.

Предохранитель — это устройство для предотвращения прохождения чрезмерного тока по цепи.

2)The excessive current increases the temperature of the wire sufficiently enough to melt it and in this way to break the circuit open.

Чрезмерный ток увеличивает температуру провода в достаточной степени, чтобы расплавить его и таким образом разорвать цепь.

3)Since atomic energy is developed (прич) in a reactor in the form of heat, both heat and power result from fission of the atoms.

Поскольку атомная энергия вырабатывается (прич) в реакторе в виде тепла, как тепло, так и энергия являются результатом деления атомов.

4)An electric arc is a discharge accompanied (прич) by a temperature of over 3,000 °C, produced (прич) when the electric current flows through a gap between two electrodes, the current being (герунд) carried (прич) by the vapor of the electrode.

Электрическая дуга — это разряд, сопровождающийся температурой более 3000 °C, возникающий, когда электрический ток протекает через зазор между двумя электродами, причем ток переносится паром электрода.

5)When the electric current flows through a conductor, the quality of heat produced (прич) is being (герунд) proportional to the resistance of the conductor.

Когда электрический ток протекает по проводнику, качество производимого тепла пропорционально сопротивлению проводника.

6)Having (герунд) made (прич) a lot of experiments, he found (прич) out that this substance possessed (прич) the property of attracting (герунд) small particles.

Проведя множество экспериментов, он выяснил, что это вещество обладает свойством притягивать мелкие частицы.

2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода бессоюзных подчинений.

1)The color component, the brightness component and the horizontal and vertical beam-synchronized components are classified in accordance with their frequency and amplitude selective circuits the signal goes through.

Цветовой компонент, компонент яркости и компоненты, синхронизированные с горизонтальным и вертикальным лучом, классифицируются в соответствии с их частотными и амплитудными избирательными цепями, через которые проходит сигнал.

2)The computers people started using only recently created entirely new technical possibilities in automatic control of industrial processes.

Компьютеры, которые люди начали использовать только недавно, создали совершенно новые технические возможности в автоматическом управлении производственными процессами…

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